The English language can be tricky at times, especially with words that seem to mean the same but have subtle differences. One such pair is “backward” vs “backwards.” If you’re unsure about when to use each of these, you’re not alone. Let’s explore the meanings, uses, and the key difference between these two terms to make sure you get it right every time.

What Does “Backward” Mean?

The word “backward” is used both as an adjective and an adverb. As an adjective, it refers to something that is underdeveloped or regressive. It’s often used to describe something that lags behind or moves in reverse.

As an adjective, it conveys a sense of something not moving forward or lacking development. It can also describe something that moves toward the past. For example, a “backward town” refers to a place that is not progressing or developing.

As an adverb, “backward” means moving or facing in the opposite direction. You might hear it when someone says, “He walked backward” or “The car rolled backward.” In this case, it simply refers to moving in the reverse direction.

What Does “Backwards” Mean?

“Backwards” is also used as both an adjective and an adverb, though it’s more commonly used as an adverb. The meaning is very similar to “backward,” but its usage can differ depending on the region.

In British English, “backwards” is the preferred term, especially when describing a direction or movement. For example, in the UK, “She stepped backwards” is a more typical phrase compared to American English.

“Backwards” can also be used as an adjective, although this usage is less common. It refers to something that is in reverse or regressive, but it’s typically reserved for less formal contexts. For example, “backwards thinking” describes an outdated or old-fashioned way of thinking.

Backward vs Backwards: Are They Interchangeable?

The short answer is yes and no. In some contexts, you can use both terms interchangeably, but there are regional preferences and rules that govern their use.

In American English, “backward” is preferred, especially in formal writing or academic contexts. You’ll rarely see “backwards” used in American formal contexts, except in certain idiomatic expressions.

In British English, “backwards” is the norm for adverbs. British speakers are more likely to say “He looked backwards” instead of “He looked backward.” So, even though the words mean the same thing, their usage varies based on geographical location.

Adverbial Usage: When to Use “Backward” vs “Backwards”

When used as an adverb, “backward” and “backwards” both describe a movement in reverse, but the spelling you choose depends on the region.

In American English, the word “backward” is the preferred choice. For instance, “He stepped backward” is the standard way to describe someone moving in the opposite direction in the U.S.

In British English, “backwards” is commonly used. You would hear sentences like “The ball bounced backwards.” This is a key distinction when writing for an American audience versus a British one.

Adjective Usage: “Backward” vs “Backwards”

As an adjective, the only correct form is “backward” in both American and British English. You will never use “backwards” as an adjective. This is a grammatical rule that holds true regardless of the region.

For instance, in formal writing, you would say, “The company took a backward step in their approach.” This refers to a decision that slows progress or hinders development.

Using “backwards” in an adjective form would be incorrect, even in casual speech. Always remember that “backward” is the only acceptable form when describing a situation, event, or action.

Why the Difference in Usage?

The difference in “backward” vs “backwards” usage is largely a matter of regional preference. The U.S. tends to prefer simplicity and uses the word “backward” as both an adverb and adjective. In contrast, the UK prefers “backwards” as the adverbial form, though both forms are technically correct.

This difference can be traced to the historical evolution of English. American English often favors shorter, more direct forms, while British English keeps some older forms in its usage.

In everyday speech, this distinction may not be immediately noticeable unless you are writing in formal contexts or academic papers where precision matters. For example, if you’re writing a report for an American audience, “backward” would be the better choice.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Even though “backward” and “backwards” have clear rules, people still often mix them up. Let’s take a look at a few common mistakes.

Using “Backward” as an Adjective in Informal Writing

One mistake is using “backward” in informal speech when “backwards” would sound more natural, especially in British English. For example, “She looked backward” is correct in formal writing but sounds stiff in casual conversation. Instead, you should use “She looked backwards” in informal British English.

Confusing the Adverbial Forms

Another common mistake is mixing up “backward” and “backwards” when talking about direction. If you’re writing for an American audience, stick to “backward” as an adverb. For example, “He moved backward” would be correct in U.S. English, but in British English, you’d use “backwards.”

How to Choose Between “Backward” and “Backwards” in Your Writing

The key to choosing between “backward” and “backwards” comes down to knowing your audience and the context in which you’re writing. Let’s break it down:

• For American English: Use “backward” for both adverbial and adjective forms, unless you’re writing in a very casual context.
• For British English: Use “backwards” as an adverb, but stick with “backward” when using it as an adjective.

Examples of “Backward” and “Backwards” in Sentences

Let’s look at more examples to clarify the usage of these two terms in real sentences.

American English Examples

• “He walked backward to avoid the puddle.”
• “Her thoughts drifted backward to her childhood days.”
• “The car skidded backward on the icy road.”

British English Examples

• “The ball bounced backwards across the field.”
• “He looked backwards as the storm approached.”
• “She took a step backwards when the door creaked open.”

These examples should give you a clear picture of how “backward” and “backwards” are used in different contexts, depending on the audience.

Conclusion: Final Thoughts on “Backward” vs “Backwards”

Now that you understand the difference between “backward” and “backwards”, remember these key points:

• “Backward” is the preferred choice in American English, both as an adverb and adjective.
• “Backwards” is commonly used in British English, particularly as an adverb.
• As an adjective, “backward” is the only correct form in both versions of English.

By following these simple guidelines, you’ll be able to use “backward” and “backwards” correctly in any situation, making your writing clearer and more accurate.

FAQs About “Backward” vs “Backwards”

Can I use “backwards” in American English?

Yes, it’s understood but not preferred. “Backward” is more common in American English.

Why is “backward” more common in the U.S.?

American English tends to prefer simpler, unadorned forms, like “backward”.

Is “backwards” ever correct as an adjective?

No, only “backward” is used as an adjective in both American and British English.